Thursday, 20 October 2016
call sheets
DAILY
FILMING SHEET
(CALL
SHEET)
Date and
time: Friday 21st October 2016 3:30pm
|
Location: Ilford bridge
Shooting Script Shot No.s:
Cast: Arman and Usama
Props: mask
Reminders: Arman and Usama must bring in smart
clothing. Usama wears mask.
|
DAILY
FILMING SHEET
(CALL
SHEET)
Date and
time: Friday 21st October 2016 3:30pm
|
Location: Exchange entrance
Shooting Script Shot No.s:
Cast: Arman and Usama
Props: N/A
Reminders: Arman and Usama must bring in smart
clothing. Do not forget to bring a mask and a few sheets of paper to
represent the CV and application, must be in the bag at all times.
|
DAILY
FILMING SHEET
(CALL
SHEET)
Date and
time: Friday 21st October 2016 3pm
|
Location: outside KFC
Shooting Script Shot No.s:
Cast: Arman and Usama
Props: Mask
Reminders: Arman and Usama must bring in smart
clothing.
.
|
Thursday, 13 October 2016
Purposes Of Editing
STORYTELLING
For storytelling they used one of the techniques that is used a lot in this clip is the 180 degree rule, it is first used at 0:17 where they show two of the characters looking at each other from different angles, they use this to tell the story, when using this rule you can see they made sure that all of the subjects were all facing the right area this ensures the audience viewing the scene knows which character is watching who in the scene. it also keeps the audience engaged in watching their conversation, wanting to know what the next person will say.
The scene is made up to tell the viewer where it is set, for example the clothes the characters are wearing is old western and the props used such as the guns the hat and boots and where the scene is filmed, here its shot in a grave in the dessert. By doing this is let the viewer understand the story more, since they will know exactly where it is supposed to be set, and that will make them understand the story.
COMBINING SHOTS INTO A SEQUENCE
For combining shots into a sequence they chose certain types of music for certain scenes, to give out certain emotions for the audience to feel while watching, the use of music helps set the scene, for example at 2:00 they use very tense music to make the scene very suspenseful. While showing the three characters reaching out their guns from their pockets, there is very suspenseful music in the background which fits the scene well, since without the music the scene seems unsure, and the drama is not as intensified,it just looks like there is three people walking around in a large circle looking at each other. By using the music that they chose for the scene, the scene was able to make the audience tense while watching and make them wonder what will happen next.
CREATING PACE
For creating pace, they have certain shots cut very quickly to show what the characters personalities are like, such as at 0:20 they make the character seem very laid back person that is very sure of himself, despite the fact that he has a gun pointing at him, they do this with a slow pace of editing, at 0:25 the pace that they used made the next character appear to be sinister,due to the pace of editing being fast. The third character at 0:26, they make the shot last longer than the other two to give the audience an idea of him being rather useless compared to the other two.
They use a long pace of editing at 2:08 to build more tension to what is happening, by having the scene lasting so long, it makes the audience ask many questions to themselves while asking, such as if one of them will die, and who will die, and will somebody actually get out their gun to shoot someone, and many more, this helps build even mor tension to the scene, and all the audience can do is wait and see.
Sunday, 9 October 2016
The Development of Editing
Before Editing
The first use of film: Lumiere Brothers
The first ever camera made for film was invented by the Lumiere Brothers on 13th of February 1895, they called it the "cinematograph". These two brothers were able to shoot the first ever footage to be recorded in history and filmed on the 19th of March 1895. The two began to film whatever they thought they could film, just so they could show the public their new invention. The cinematograph filmed with no sound, no color and had a very small screen ratio. The first thing the brothers filmed was of workers leaving the Lumiere factory. This was the first ever time the public experienced of a piece of film.The second thing that the brothers filmed was a train coming to a station, which surprised a lot of people when presented and it frightened the audience and made them jump back as they were unsure of it and some felt what was shown on screen was actually happening in the room with them.
This was a huge milestone for the Lumiere Brothers as it was the first ever time that there was a piece of technology that was able to show what was happening in the real world and could be presented on a screen for the public to view. They were able to record two pieces of film both done in one single shot of less than a minute, lasting 46 and 49 seconds, it was a massive achievement as it was the first time any thing like had been done and made a huge impact on film history, these two pieces of film started history for millions of film makers for the near future.
Before Editing
Beginning of Film Stories: George Albert Smith
In 1897 George Albert Smith became the first man that was able to use film to tell a story to an audience. Just like before the film that was shot is still using one single long shot, but the action that they chose to film was like how you would watch it in a theater, however done from just one position. At the time the audience did not mind the fact that it was simply just one shot since they were not really used to seeing many shots in the first place. George Albert Smith made a short film https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFZFo8XXLoM that lasted 35 seconds, in that 35 seconds the audience were able to witness a story between two men fighting which would have captured the audiences interest watch.
This was a very big milestone in the film history, since it was a new way film makers found to entertain the audience, before they just showed whatever they could film just because they can film and capture something happening at that moment in time to view later, but now they have people acting and telling a story to really give a good show to the audience. This milestone led the way for film makers to be able to film scenes of acting and follow the footsteps of George Albert Smith making millions of films with stories to come to the public eye.
In-camera editing
First use of multiple shots: Robert W. Paul
Robert W. Paul's 1898 "Come Along Do!" was the first film to use more then one shot when filming whilst telling a story, he was the first person to use film editing that involved the action of moving from one sequence to another, he also established continuity. Although the film was short it told a story of an elderly couple sitting on a bench outside an art exhibition. Even though there was no sound Robert had signs up with arrows ('Art Section') telling the viewer what was through the doors to the actors right. it showed the couple sharing their lunch before entering the 'art section'. He then cut to the next scene where he used two still photo's instead of continuing to film, of the couple looking at the art displayed and then ended his short film.
This was a milestone for films because it was the first time that the audience could actually see the title of the film, it was also the first time that the audience could see what happens after the shot, this was also the first time where there was actually a second shot in a film. This milestone has lead other film makers to get the idea to get more than one shot in a film, and show the audience the title and everything that happens in the shots.
Following the action
Cutting between shots: George Albert
In 1899 the same person that was able to film while telling a story, has made "As Seen Through the Telescope" where in the main show, it showed a street scene where there was a young man who was tying it out for his girlfriend and then caressed her foot, while this was happening an old man was watching them with a telescope, which explains why the title of the film is "As Seen Through the Telescope". At the time this was very revealing for a woman's body, which is why the man was watching them.
This is a milestone as it was the first time in a film where there was a point of view shot done with a telescope, you can see on 0.13 in George Albert's "as seen through the telescope" he used this technique, the audience found this very fascinating to watch as it was something they haven't seen in a film before, it made people wonder how the shot was actually created. This short film also told a cheeky story, again like previous films without having any sound.
Multiple points of view
Beginning to establish rules: James Williamson
1900 was the year where James Williamson made a film called "Attack on a China Mission Station". The first shot in this film contained a gate for the mission station from the outside being attacked and was busted open by the Chinese boxer rebels. Right after they show the gate being attacked there was a cut to the mission station's garden where there was armed part of British sailors who arrived and defeated the Chinese boxers.
This is a milestone because this was the first ever film to use the 180 degree rule, also known as the "reverse angle", it was also the first ever film to use match on action in it. The techniques that were used in this film has helped the film makers to be able to tell a story by using the camera. The way this film is made seemed very similar to films that we see today, and this film has lead to so many film makers in the future to use the same techniques when making their films.
Shot Variation
DW Griffiths
In 1915 DW Griffiths made a very long film titled "The Birth of A Nation" which is a very famous movie, because before this film was made films made the audience members pay to see a star, and that they would want to see the whole person, who is the main star. DW Griffiths though that if he moved the camera a bit closer to the subject and used a close up, there would be more details to reveal about the subjects face, so that the audience can see a characters exact expression, with a lot more detail, and it helped tell the audience how to feel when a certain scene is going on.
This is a very big milestone because of how long the film was. This was the first ever film to be nearly 2 hours long and ran for 1 hour and 53 minutes, and at the time this was the longest ever film. This film used cross cutting to show multiple things happening at the same time and it showed flash backs and the scale and issue, which had not been done before at the time.
The first use of film: Lumiere Brothers
The first ever camera made for film was invented by the Lumiere Brothers on 13th of February 1895, they called it the "cinematograph". These two brothers were able to shoot the first ever footage to be recorded in history and filmed on the 19th of March 1895. The two began to film whatever they thought they could film, just so they could show the public their new invention. The cinematograph filmed with no sound, no color and had a very small screen ratio. The first thing the brothers filmed was of workers leaving the Lumiere factory. This was the first ever time the public experienced of a piece of film.The second thing that the brothers filmed was a train coming to a station, which surprised a lot of people when presented and it frightened the audience and made them jump back as they were unsure of it and some felt what was shown on screen was actually happening in the room with them.
This was a huge milestone for the Lumiere Brothers as it was the first ever time that there was a piece of technology that was able to show what was happening in the real world and could be presented on a screen for the public to view. They were able to record two pieces of film both done in one single shot of less than a minute, lasting 46 and 49 seconds, it was a massive achievement as it was the first time any thing like had been done and made a huge impact on film history, these two pieces of film started history for millions of film makers for the near future.
Before Editing
Beginning of Film Stories: George Albert Smith
In 1897 George Albert Smith became the first man that was able to use film to tell a story to an audience. Just like before the film that was shot is still using one single long shot, but the action that they chose to film was like how you would watch it in a theater, however done from just one position. At the time the audience did not mind the fact that it was simply just one shot since they were not really used to seeing many shots in the first place. George Albert Smith made a short film https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFZFo8XXLoM that lasted 35 seconds, in that 35 seconds the audience were able to witness a story between two men fighting which would have captured the audiences interest watch.
This was a very big milestone in the film history, since it was a new way film makers found to entertain the audience, before they just showed whatever they could film just because they can film and capture something happening at that moment in time to view later, but now they have people acting and telling a story to really give a good show to the audience. This milestone led the way for film makers to be able to film scenes of acting and follow the footsteps of George Albert Smith making millions of films with stories to come to the public eye.
In-camera editing
First use of multiple shots: Robert W. Paul
Robert W. Paul's 1898 "Come Along Do!" was the first film to use more then one shot when filming whilst telling a story, he was the first person to use film editing that involved the action of moving from one sequence to another, he also established continuity. Although the film was short it told a story of an elderly couple sitting on a bench outside an art exhibition. Even though there was no sound Robert had signs up with arrows ('Art Section') telling the viewer what was through the doors to the actors right. it showed the couple sharing their lunch before entering the 'art section'. He then cut to the next scene where he used two still photo's instead of continuing to film, of the couple looking at the art displayed and then ended his short film.
This was a milestone for films because it was the first time that the audience could actually see the title of the film, it was also the first time that the audience could see what happens after the shot, this was also the first time where there was actually a second shot in a film. This milestone has lead other film makers to get the idea to get more than one shot in a film, and show the audience the title and everything that happens in the shots.
Cutting between shots: George Albert
This is a milestone as it was the first time in a film where there was a point of view shot done with a telescope, you can see on 0.13 in George Albert's "as seen through the telescope" he used this technique, the audience found this very fascinating to watch as it was something they haven't seen in a film before, it made people wonder how the shot was actually created. This short film also told a cheeky story, again like previous films without having any sound.
Multiple points of view
Beginning to establish rules: James Williamson
1900 was the year where James Williamson made a film called "Attack on a China Mission Station". The first shot in this film contained a gate for the mission station from the outside being attacked and was busted open by the Chinese boxer rebels. Right after they show the gate being attacked there was a cut to the mission station's garden where there was armed part of British sailors who arrived and defeated the Chinese boxers.
This is a milestone because this was the first ever film to use the 180 degree rule, also known as the "reverse angle", it was also the first ever film to use match on action in it. The techniques that were used in this film has helped the film makers to be able to tell a story by using the camera. The way this film is made seemed very similar to films that we see today, and this film has lead to so many film makers in the future to use the same techniques when making their films.
DW Griffiths
In 1915 DW Griffiths made a very long film titled "The Birth of A Nation" which is a very famous movie, because before this film was made films made the audience members pay to see a star, and that they would want to see the whole person, who is the main star. DW Griffiths though that if he moved the camera a bit closer to the subject and used a close up, there would be more details to reveal about the subjects face, so that the audience can see a characters exact expression, with a lot more detail, and it helped tell the audience how to feel when a certain scene is going on.
This is a very big milestone because of how long the film was. This was the first ever film to be nearly 2 hours long and ran for 1 hour and 53 minutes, and at the time this was the longest ever film. This film used cross cutting to show multiple things happening at the same time and it showed flash backs and the scale and issue, which had not been done before at the time.
Manipulation of diegetic time and space
Establishing use of montage: Sergei Einstein
Establishing use of montage: Sergei Einstein
Sergei Einstein made "Battleship Potemskin" in 1925 where he described the Odessa Steps sequence as a "Rhythmic Montage" and he cut to a certain beat in a film,m he gave a methodical impression of the scene. Since Einstein was a director he pointed out the beat of the drum with the marching of the solders constantly come in off beat. Einstein created a sensation that is something that is not right and has things that are not how they should be. The choice of rhythm in the scene was transferred from the solders to a baby in a carriage, by showing it it made the audience feel sympathy for the baby in the carriage
This film was a very big milestone since it was the first ever film to use a montage, which helped create the editing pace. By using a montage they picked out the most important parts of the scene, and placed them all together to show the audience. The use of montage helped inspire many film and video makers in the future to make trailers and music videos.
Analogue (AKA linear) Editing
Moviola editing: Iwan Serrurier
In 1917 Iwan Surrurier's made their original concept for the Moviola, and was a home movie projector, and was sold to the public. This machine was very expensive since it costed $600 in 1920, which was equivalent to $20,000 in the 2000s, because of this reason very few of them were sold, since not that many people could afford to buy it. In 1994 the first ever moviola was sold to Douglas Fairbanks, and 94 years later he had a framed copy of the original receipt, for the moviola. With the moviola all editing was done by just cutting a film and them pasted it, and mixing the film together by hand, it seemed to be a very long process, but the moviola sped up that process, by magnifying the shots and them speeded up the cutting process. In just a decade the moviola was the main industry for editing videos.
https://vimeo.com/117756839
This is a mile stone because it was the first time were there was voice and sound in films, and it was the first time when film makers could rewind a shot, and it allowed the transitions to be easier. With all this it allowed the film makers of the future to make millions of films containing sound.
Film > video
Moving to digital formats
Film reels is what was typically used for all films, but they were very tricky to use and they consumed a lot of time to edit. In every film made before 2001 they all used film reels, even every film made in Hollywood. Now film is already digested so the editing does not consume so much time with the new technology. Until the development of high quality digital video, definition for videos was not better than VHS, so it was unsuitable to use for the making of a professional film. The first film that had a big budget was shot and released in HD was "Robert Rodriguez's Once Upon A Time In Mexico"
This is a milestone because it was the first time where films were shot on a film reel, and it was the first time where film makers were able to use CGI effects in their films, the films were also shot entirely on video tapes, and some were even entirely filmed on iPhone's. Because of this milestone this lead to so many films in the future to use CGI and being able to use film reels to make their films.
Digital (AKA Non-Linear) Editing
A slow progression
Non linear editing and digital editing are both developed from the 70's onwards. It involved using a computer software app, instead of using a moviola to assemble the footage. This is also known as non destructive editing, where the original film is preserved, instead of being cut up during the editing. Non linear editing started with computer effects. even though these computers were used for some elements, they were still edited traditionally with a moviola. Editing like this continues well into the 90's, and was very successful with films. The first film that was edited using just digital methods was "Lets Kill All The Lawyers" which was made in 1992.
This is a milestone because it was the first time where film was edited on a computer, and set the standards for today's digital edited movies. Not that many film makers chose analogue editing methods, while it may not have been noticeable, digital editing revolutionized what time it took to make films, and revolutionized the quality of special effects in films, which lead to millions of films in the future to look even more professionally made and that made millions of audiences to enjoy the film even more.
This film was a very big milestone since it was the first ever film to use a montage, which helped create the editing pace. By using a montage they picked out the most important parts of the scene, and placed them all together to show the audience. The use of montage helped inspire many film and video makers in the future to make trailers and music videos.
Analogue (AKA linear) Editing
Moviola editing: Iwan Serrurier
In 1917 Iwan Surrurier's made their original concept for the Moviola, and was a home movie projector, and was sold to the public. This machine was very expensive since it costed $600 in 1920, which was equivalent to $20,000 in the 2000s, because of this reason very few of them were sold, since not that many people could afford to buy it. In 1994 the first ever moviola was sold to Douglas Fairbanks, and 94 years later he had a framed copy of the original receipt, for the moviola. With the moviola all editing was done by just cutting a film and them pasted it, and mixing the film together by hand, it seemed to be a very long process, but the moviola sped up that process, by magnifying the shots and them speeded up the cutting process. In just a decade the moviola was the main industry for editing videos.
https://vimeo.com/117756839
This is a mile stone because it was the first time were there was voice and sound in films, and it was the first time when film makers could rewind a shot, and it allowed the transitions to be easier. With all this it allowed the film makers of the future to make millions of films containing sound.
Film > video
Moving to digital formats
Film reels is what was typically used for all films, but they were very tricky to use and they consumed a lot of time to edit. In every film made before 2001 they all used film reels, even every film made in Hollywood. Now film is already digested so the editing does not consume so much time with the new technology. Until the development of high quality digital video, definition for videos was not better than VHS, so it was unsuitable to use for the making of a professional film. The first film that had a big budget was shot and released in HD was "Robert Rodriguez's Once Upon A Time In Mexico"
This is a milestone because it was the first time where films were shot on a film reel, and it was the first time where film makers were able to use CGI effects in their films, the films were also shot entirely on video tapes, and some were even entirely filmed on iPhone's. Because of this milestone this lead to so many films in the future to use CGI and being able to use film reels to make their films.
Digital (AKA Non-Linear) Editing
A slow progression
Non linear editing and digital editing are both developed from the 70's onwards. It involved using a computer software app, instead of using a moviola to assemble the footage. This is also known as non destructive editing, where the original film is preserved, instead of being cut up during the editing. Non linear editing started with computer effects. even though these computers were used for some elements, they were still edited traditionally with a moviola. Editing like this continues well into the 90's, and was very successful with films. The first film that was edited using just digital methods was "Lets Kill All The Lawyers" which was made in 1992.
This is a milestone because it was the first time where film was edited on a computer, and set the standards for today's digital edited movies. Not that many film makers chose analogue editing methods, while it may not have been noticeable, digital editing revolutionized what time it took to make films, and revolutionized the quality of special effects in films, which lead to millions of films in the future to look even more professionally made and that made millions of audiences to enjoy the film even more.
Thursday, 22 September 2016
Editing Conventions and Techniques
Seamless/Continuity
Seamless/Continuity editing is when shots flow into another shot and is done very smoothly and slowly. This keeps everything staying as fluid as possible which makes it look like the scene has no gap of editing done, which sometimes seems pleasing to watch.There are many ways this can be used, such as action scenes and conversation scenes.
An example of where the techniques is used is from the show called 'The Jeremy Kyle show where they have very slow editing to make the audience to see the details of what is happening around the subject. This wil build up the emotions for the viewers to find out if the son is actually their.
They show this at 0:04 as all of the scenes run very smoothly and don't cut to the next one straight away. This type of editing helps making the audience feel like they are actually there and they are able to follow what is going on in the scene in a high quality way. I have had my own experience with this editing technique when I helped film a live TV show with very slow editing.
Motivated
Motivated editing is when you cut to something that is not in the frame and then cuts to another different scene or something that is still in the set. This type of editing hints the dialogue of the next shot, usually they show someones reaction to a situation that is occurring in the scene, which is usually between scared, surprised or happy.This type of editing is usually done in scenes where someone is having a flash back or a horror scene. An example of this would be in The Simpsons at 2:07 where in this episode Homer tries to save the power plant from exploding and make sure nobody there dies. They did this to show all the people exercising were clueless what was going on, while at the same time doing a count down, which adds even more tension to the scene. This type of editing is mainly used to add tension and suspense to the scene, or to add any emotion, they also give information of what others in the scene feel about what is happening. I have not actually done any motivated editing in any of the projects that I have done for media so far.
Montage
A montage is basically when you make a collage of loads of videos and put them together to make a collection of videos. This type of editing is always used in music videos and trailers, they are also used in showreel's to show all of the different parts of the videos done. An example of where this is used would be in slipknot's music video "The Devil In I". where they have showed multiple shots of videos put together such as at 1:29 where they use a bunch of clips edited slowly to build tension and then they cut to a lot of scenes to build excitement of what just happened. This builds a lot of different emotions for the viewer while watching. When editing is done like this it helps keep the audience entertained by having all these videos showing up quickly after one-another builds up excitement. When I helped produce a music video for media I used this type of editing, I also used this technique when making my showreel.
Jump-Cutting
Jump-cutting is when a scene stays in the same set but then jumps several times and makes sure that it is in the same shot but jumps forward in time. An example of this would be in Captain America Civil War where there is a battle in an airport, they start using it at the beginning at 0:02 where it shows Captain America confused of what happens, then showing Iron Man and Black Panther flying towards him. They jump to a bunch of scenes at 0:17 where the fight begins, this helps build excitement, showing the viewer everything that is happening, this will lead to the viewer wanting to watch more. I have done jump-cutting before when I did a video titled "NO HOMEWORK" where I used a lot of jump-cutting to show everything that was going on in the scene.
180 degree rule
The 180 degree rule is when there is an invisible line that the camera should never cross, it makes sure that the subjects are all in the right area, making sure that they are looking the right way. The 180 degree rule is always used in scenes where there are conversations, such as in the movie Goodfellas where they are having a conversation in a restaurant. At 0:03 they start cutting to both sides of the table, making sure that all of the people in the scene are facing the right way when talking to each other. The reason why the 180 degree rule is used is that so that the audience don't get confused, such as if there is a conversation between two people, they are on opposite sides, if both of them are looking in the same direction, it would get the audience very confused to understand who they are talking to, but if they are looking in the right direction the audience wont get confused.
Splicing/Transit icons, eg cut, dissolve, fade, wipe
Splicing/Transit icons is when shots go to the next shot in certain ways, either simply fading in or out of it smoothly or cutting right into the next scene. Sometimes this technique helps visually communicating with the audience. This technique is typically used with flash backs when they fade into a flash back or a dream or remembering something that happened in the past. This is done in the Pokemon series at 0:18 where the character Ash remembers the time he met Charmander, this runs very smoothly as they faded right into the shot, telling the audience that it is a memory from the past. This type of editing makes scenes much more enjoyable to watch. In the past I have made a music video that has some fades in it, showing some flash backs, which is the same as what is happening here.
Cutaways
A cutaway is when there is a filler shot that cuts away from the scene showing other things that are going on in the scene, such as other peoples reactions, or something quick happening for a few seconds as someone looks away. In the movie Divergent, they used cutaways at 0:06 they show the woman being thrown over the bridge and then cuts right to the other group of peoples reaction to what just happens, they did this to show the viewers how to feel to relate with how the people in the cutaway feel, since it was very sudden, they want the viewer to feel shocked, which is why they used a cut away to show the quick movement and the shocked reactions. In my video called "NO HOMEWORK" I use a cutaway with the students reaction to show how he felt.
Point of view shot
A point of view shot is when there is a first person perspective in film or TV, these type of shots typically go on for 3 minutes. here's an example of where this is used in the Family Guy episode Point Of Stew we notice at the beginning at 0:01 they made it look like the viewer is the character Stewie going around the town. This technique is mainly used to get the viewers attention, and engage them more into what is happening, since it is a technique that you don't usually seem to find in TV and film that often. I currently have no experience with doing point of view shots in any of the videos that I have done.
Shot-reverse-shot
Shot-reverse-shot is when there are 3 shots that are repeated between two people, this is done very similar to how the 180 degree rule is done. An example of this being used is in Spider Man, at 1:21 they show the man talking to the evil version of himself in the mirror, they made the shots repeat over and over again, but continues the conversation. The reason why this is done is that it is an easy shot to do and it catches peoples reaction. It mimics how the viewer follows the conversation, it also shows the most interesting parts of the scene. I have done shot-reverse shot in the Wayne's World swede that I helped make, so I have some experience with this technique.
Providing and withholding information
Providing information is where the editor cuts to enhance the viewers knowledge of a scene and shows what exactly is happening, giving more information in the process. An example of this is done in Full Metal Alchemist: Brotherhood where they reveal how the character Alphonse lost his body, they do this at 0:40 where they show the two children excitedly ready to bring their mother back, but then not knowing the outcome, this helped the audience realized how exactly he lost his whole body, so this managed to finally inform the audience about what happened.
Withholding information is the exact opposite of what providing information is, it does not give the information till the very end. An example of withholding information would be in the film Psycho where they show the woman having a shower, then at 0:44 shows a man with a knife in the background, this leaves the viewer in suspense, wondering if she is going to get killed or not, this also gave the information that she did end up getting murdered by the mysterious man. Both of these are made to make the viewer feel the suspense and tension of the scene now knowing all information makes it more enjoyable to watch and keeping the information hidden from them makes them curious and wanting more.
Editing rhythm
Editing ryhem is basically fast and slow paced editing that shows how characters are feeling, so gives more emotion where fast shows where a lot is going on. An example of this would be in the trailer for Pirahna 3D where it has very fast paced editing. You can see at 1:04 it shows that there is a lot of things going on which gives a specific feeling of the scene and it makes the audience sit at the edge of their seat while scared at the same time. I have some experience with editing rhythm as I did fast paced editing when making a music video.
Parallel editing/Crosscutting
Parallel editing/ crosscutting is when in a scene, it cuts from one line of action, location or narrative, to another, within a single scene. An example of where this is used would be a race scenes or when someone is telling a story, so that the viewer can see everything that is happening in the scene, another example of where this is used would be in the movie Edward Scissorhands where at 0:19 a woman is telling a story and then it cuts to another scene but still has the voice of the woman talking. The reason why they did this is show the viewer what she is talking about. As though she is narrating while the scene of what she is talking about is shown, so the viewer visualize what she is talking about from her memory. I have taken part in the live day show "Listen Up!" which contained crosscutting, so I have experience with it, and have knowledge about it.
Cutting to soundtrack
Cutting to the soundtrack making the scenes cut to the music and make it cut to the beat. Most of the time this is done in music videos, which explains why an example of this would be in Steam Powered Giraffe's cover of "I love it" where hey cut to the beat a lot throughout the video, they do this at 0:11 where they show different scenes and make it cut right to the beat of the song. This makes it more exciting for the viewer to watch. Since having the video cut to the sound track of the song, it makes the music video seem like it is done on a professional level. This also makes the viewer enjoy the video even more. I have some experience with cutting to the soundtrack when I cut to the beat of the song in the music video that I helped make.
Seamless/Continuity editing is when shots flow into another shot and is done very smoothly and slowly. This keeps everything staying as fluid as possible which makes it look like the scene has no gap of editing done, which sometimes seems pleasing to watch.There are many ways this can be used, such as action scenes and conversation scenes.
An example of where the techniques is used is from the show called 'The Jeremy Kyle show where they have very slow editing to make the audience to see the details of what is happening around the subject. This wil build up the emotions for the viewers to find out if the son is actually their.
They show this at 0:04 as all of the scenes run very smoothly and don't cut to the next one straight away. This type of editing helps making the audience feel like they are actually there and they are able to follow what is going on in the scene in a high quality way. I have had my own experience with this editing technique when I helped film a live TV show with very slow editing.
Motivated
Motivated editing is when you cut to something that is not in the frame and then cuts to another different scene or something that is still in the set. This type of editing hints the dialogue of the next shot, usually they show someones reaction to a situation that is occurring in the scene, which is usually between scared, surprised or happy.This type of editing is usually done in scenes where someone is having a flash back or a horror scene. An example of this would be in The Simpsons at 2:07 where in this episode Homer tries to save the power plant from exploding and make sure nobody there dies. They did this to show all the people exercising were clueless what was going on, while at the same time doing a count down, which adds even more tension to the scene. This type of editing is mainly used to add tension and suspense to the scene, or to add any emotion, they also give information of what others in the scene feel about what is happening. I have not actually done any motivated editing in any of the projects that I have done for media so far.
Montage
A montage is basically when you make a collage of loads of videos and put them together to make a collection of videos. This type of editing is always used in music videos and trailers, they are also used in showreel's to show all of the different parts of the videos done. An example of where this is used would be in slipknot's music video "The Devil In I". where they have showed multiple shots of videos put together such as at 1:29 where they use a bunch of clips edited slowly to build tension and then they cut to a lot of scenes to build excitement of what just happened. This builds a lot of different emotions for the viewer while watching. When editing is done like this it helps keep the audience entertained by having all these videos showing up quickly after one-another builds up excitement. When I helped produce a music video for media I used this type of editing, I also used this technique when making my showreel.
Jump-Cutting
Jump-cutting is when a scene stays in the same set but then jumps several times and makes sure that it is in the same shot but jumps forward in time. An example of this would be in Captain America Civil War where there is a battle in an airport, they start using it at the beginning at 0:02 where it shows Captain America confused of what happens, then showing Iron Man and Black Panther flying towards him. They jump to a bunch of scenes at 0:17 where the fight begins, this helps build excitement, showing the viewer everything that is happening, this will lead to the viewer wanting to watch more. I have done jump-cutting before when I did a video titled "NO HOMEWORK" where I used a lot of jump-cutting to show everything that was going on in the scene.
180 degree rule
The 180 degree rule is when there is an invisible line that the camera should never cross, it makes sure that the subjects are all in the right area, making sure that they are looking the right way. The 180 degree rule is always used in scenes where there are conversations, such as in the movie Goodfellas where they are having a conversation in a restaurant. At 0:03 they start cutting to both sides of the table, making sure that all of the people in the scene are facing the right way when talking to each other. The reason why the 180 degree rule is used is that so that the audience don't get confused, such as if there is a conversation between two people, they are on opposite sides, if both of them are looking in the same direction, it would get the audience very confused to understand who they are talking to, but if they are looking in the right direction the audience wont get confused.
Splicing/Transit icons, eg cut, dissolve, fade, wipe
Splicing/Transit icons is when shots go to the next shot in certain ways, either simply fading in or out of it smoothly or cutting right into the next scene. Sometimes this technique helps visually communicating with the audience. This technique is typically used with flash backs when they fade into a flash back or a dream or remembering something that happened in the past. This is done in the Pokemon series at 0:18 where the character Ash remembers the time he met Charmander, this runs very smoothly as they faded right into the shot, telling the audience that it is a memory from the past. This type of editing makes scenes much more enjoyable to watch. In the past I have made a music video that has some fades in it, showing some flash backs, which is the same as what is happening here.
Cutaways
A cutaway is when there is a filler shot that cuts away from the scene showing other things that are going on in the scene, such as other peoples reactions, or something quick happening for a few seconds as someone looks away. In the movie Divergent, they used cutaways at 0:06 they show the woman being thrown over the bridge and then cuts right to the other group of peoples reaction to what just happens, they did this to show the viewers how to feel to relate with how the people in the cutaway feel, since it was very sudden, they want the viewer to feel shocked, which is why they used a cut away to show the quick movement and the shocked reactions. In my video called "NO HOMEWORK" I use a cutaway with the students reaction to show how he felt.
Point of view shot
A point of view shot is when there is a first person perspective in film or TV, these type of shots typically go on for 3 minutes. here's an example of where this is used in the Family Guy episode Point Of Stew we notice at the beginning at 0:01 they made it look like the viewer is the character Stewie going around the town. This technique is mainly used to get the viewers attention, and engage them more into what is happening, since it is a technique that you don't usually seem to find in TV and film that often. I currently have no experience with doing point of view shots in any of the videos that I have done.
Shot-reverse-shot
Shot-reverse-shot is when there are 3 shots that are repeated between two people, this is done very similar to how the 180 degree rule is done. An example of this being used is in Spider Man, at 1:21 they show the man talking to the evil version of himself in the mirror, they made the shots repeat over and over again, but continues the conversation. The reason why this is done is that it is an easy shot to do and it catches peoples reaction. It mimics how the viewer follows the conversation, it also shows the most interesting parts of the scene. I have done shot-reverse shot in the Wayne's World swede that I helped make, so I have some experience with this technique.
Providing and withholding information
Providing information is where the editor cuts to enhance the viewers knowledge of a scene and shows what exactly is happening, giving more information in the process. An example of this is done in Full Metal Alchemist: Brotherhood where they reveal how the character Alphonse lost his body, they do this at 0:40 where they show the two children excitedly ready to bring their mother back, but then not knowing the outcome, this helped the audience realized how exactly he lost his whole body, so this managed to finally inform the audience about what happened.
Withholding information is the exact opposite of what providing information is, it does not give the information till the very end. An example of withholding information would be in the film Psycho where they show the woman having a shower, then at 0:44 shows a man with a knife in the background, this leaves the viewer in suspense, wondering if she is going to get killed or not, this also gave the information that she did end up getting murdered by the mysterious man. Both of these are made to make the viewer feel the suspense and tension of the scene now knowing all information makes it more enjoyable to watch and keeping the information hidden from them makes them curious and wanting more.
Editing rhythm
Editing ryhem is basically fast and slow paced editing that shows how characters are feeling, so gives more emotion where fast shows where a lot is going on. An example of this would be in the trailer for Pirahna 3D where it has very fast paced editing. You can see at 1:04 it shows that there is a lot of things going on which gives a specific feeling of the scene and it makes the audience sit at the edge of their seat while scared at the same time. I have some experience with editing rhythm as I did fast paced editing when making a music video.
Parallel editing/Crosscutting
Parallel editing/ crosscutting is when in a scene, it cuts from one line of action, location or narrative, to another, within a single scene. An example of where this is used would be a race scenes or when someone is telling a story, so that the viewer can see everything that is happening in the scene, another example of where this is used would be in the movie Edward Scissorhands where at 0:19 a woman is telling a story and then it cuts to another scene but still has the voice of the woman talking. The reason why they did this is show the viewer what she is talking about. As though she is narrating while the scene of what she is talking about is shown, so the viewer visualize what she is talking about from her memory. I have taken part in the live day show "Listen Up!" which contained crosscutting, so I have experience with it, and have knowledge about it.
Cutting to soundtrack
Cutting to the soundtrack making the scenes cut to the music and make it cut to the beat. Most of the time this is done in music videos, which explains why an example of this would be in Steam Powered Giraffe's cover of "I love it" where hey cut to the beat a lot throughout the video, they do this at 0:11 where they show different scenes and make it cut right to the beat of the song. This makes it more exciting for the viewer to watch. Since having the video cut to the sound track of the song, it makes the music video seem like it is done on a professional level. This also makes the viewer enjoy the video even more. I have some experience with cutting to the soundtrack when I cut to the beat of the song in the music video that I helped make.
Tuesday, 13 September 2016
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