Seamless/Continuity
Seamless/Continuity editing is when shots flow into another shot and is done very smoothly and slowly. This keeps everything staying as fluid as possible which makes it look like the scene has no gap of editing done, which sometimes seems pleasing to watch.There are many ways this can be used, such as action scenes and conversation scenes.
An example of where the techniques is used is from the show called 'The Jeremy Kyle show where they have very slow editing to make the audience to see the details of what is happening around the subject. This wil build up the emotions for the viewers to find out if the son is actually their.
They show this at 0:04 as all of the scenes run very smoothly and don't cut to the next one straight away. This type of editing helps making the audience feel like they are actually there and they are able to follow what is going on in the scene in a high quality way. I have had my own experience with this editing technique when I helped film a live TV show with very slow editing.
Motivated
Motivated editing is when you cut to something that is not in the frame and then cuts to another different scene or something that is still in the set. This type of editing hints the dialogue of the next shot, usually they show someones reaction to a situation that is occurring in the scene, which is usually between scared, surprised or happy.This type of editing is usually done in scenes where someone is having a flash back or a horror scene. An example of this would be in The Simpsons at 2:07 where in this episode Homer tries to save the power plant from exploding and make sure nobody there dies. They did this to show all the people exercising were clueless what was going on, while at the same time doing a count down, which adds even more tension to the scene. This type of editing is mainly used to add tension and suspense to the scene, or to add any emotion, they also give information of what others in the scene feel about what is happening. I have not actually done any motivated editing in any of the projects that I have done for media so far.
Montage
A montage is basically when you make a collage of loads of videos and put them together to make a collection of videos. This type of editing is always used in music videos and trailers, they are also used in showreel's to show all of the different parts of the videos done. An example of where this is used would be in slipknot's music video "The Devil In I". where they have showed multiple shots of videos put together such as at 1:29 where they use a bunch of clips edited slowly to build tension and then they cut to a lot of scenes to build excitement of what just happened. This builds a lot of different emotions for the viewer while watching. When editing is done like this it helps keep the audience entertained by having all these videos showing up quickly after one-another builds up excitement. When I helped produce a music video for media I used this type of editing, I also used this technique when making my showreel.
Jump-Cutting
Jump-cutting is when a scene stays in the same set but then jumps several times and makes sure that it is in the same shot but jumps forward in time. An example of this would be in Captain America Civil War where there is a battle in an airport, they start using it at the beginning at 0:02 where it shows Captain America confused of what happens, then showing Iron Man and Black Panther flying towards him. They jump to a bunch of scenes at 0:17 where the fight begins, this helps build excitement, showing the viewer everything that is happening, this will lead to the viewer wanting to watch more. I have done jump-cutting before when I did a video titled "NO HOMEWORK" where I used a lot of jump-cutting to show everything that was going on in the scene.
180 degree rule
The 180 degree rule is when there is an invisible line that the camera should never cross, it makes sure that the subjects are all in the right area, making sure that they are looking the right way. The 180 degree rule is always used in scenes where there are conversations, such as in the movie Goodfellas where they are having a conversation in a restaurant. At 0:03 they start cutting to both sides of the table, making sure that all of the people in the scene are facing the right way when talking to each other. The reason why the 180 degree rule is used is that so that the audience don't get confused, such as if there is a conversation between two people, they are on opposite sides, if both of them are looking in the same direction, it would get the audience very confused to understand who they are talking to, but if they are looking in the right direction the audience wont get confused.
Splicing/Transit icons, eg cut, dissolve, fade, wipe
Splicing/Transit icons is when shots go to the next shot in certain ways, either simply fading in or out of it smoothly or cutting right into the next scene. Sometimes this technique helps visually communicating with the audience. This technique is typically used with flash backs when they fade into a flash back or a dream or remembering something that happened in the past. This is done in the Pokemon series at 0:18 where the character Ash remembers the time he met Charmander, this runs very smoothly as they faded right into the shot, telling the audience that it is a memory from the past. This type of editing makes scenes much more enjoyable to watch. In the past I have made a music video that has some fades in it, showing some flash backs, which is the same as what is happening here.
Cutaways
A cutaway is when there is a filler shot that cuts away from the scene showing other things that are going on in the scene, such as other peoples reactions, or something quick happening for a few seconds as someone looks away. In the movie Divergent, they used cutaways at 0:06 they show the woman being thrown over the bridge and then cuts right to the other group of peoples reaction to what just happens, they did this to show the viewers how to feel to relate with how the people in the cutaway feel, since it was very sudden, they want the viewer to feel shocked, which is why they used a cut away to show the quick movement and the shocked reactions. In my video called "NO HOMEWORK" I use a cutaway with the students reaction to show how he felt.
Point of view shot
A point of view shot is when there is a first person perspective in film or TV, these type of shots typically go on for 3 minutes. here's an example of where this is used in the Family Guy episode Point Of Stew we notice at the beginning at 0:01 they made it look like the viewer is the character Stewie going around the town. This technique is mainly used to get the viewers attention, and engage them more into what is happening, since it is a technique that you don't usually seem to find in TV and film that often. I currently have no experience with doing point of view shots in any of the videos that I have done.
Shot-reverse-shot
Shot-reverse-shot is when there are 3 shots that are repeated between two people, this is done very similar to how the 180 degree rule is done. An example of this being used is in Spider Man, at 1:21 they show the man talking to the evil version of himself in the mirror, they made the shots repeat over and over again, but continues the conversation. The reason why this is done is that it is an easy shot to do and it catches peoples reaction. It mimics how the viewer follows the conversation, it also shows the most interesting parts of the scene. I have done shot-reverse shot in the Wayne's World swede that I helped make, so I have some experience with this technique.
Providing and withholding information
Providing information is where the editor cuts to enhance the viewers knowledge of a scene and shows what exactly is happening, giving more information in the process. An example of this is done in Full Metal Alchemist: Brotherhood where they reveal how the character Alphonse lost his body, they do this at 0:40 where they show the two children excitedly ready to bring their mother back, but then not knowing the outcome, this helped the audience realized how exactly he lost his whole body, so this managed to finally inform the audience about what happened.
Withholding information is the exact opposite of what providing information is, it does not give the information till the very end. An example of withholding information would be in the film Psycho where they show the woman having a shower, then at 0:44 shows a man with a knife in the background, this leaves the viewer in suspense, wondering if she is going to get killed or not, this also gave the information that she did end up getting murdered by the mysterious man. Both of these are made to make the viewer feel the suspense and tension of the scene now knowing all information makes it more enjoyable to watch and keeping the information hidden from them makes them curious and wanting more.
Editing rhythm
Editing ryhem is basically fast and slow paced editing that shows how characters are feeling, so gives more emotion where fast shows where a lot is going on. An example of this would be in the trailer for Pirahna 3D where it has very fast paced editing. You can see at 1:04 it shows that there is a lot of things going on which gives a specific feeling of the scene and it makes the audience sit at the edge of their seat while scared at the same time. I have some experience with editing rhythm as I did fast paced editing when making a music video.
Parallel editing/Crosscutting
Parallel editing/ crosscutting is when in a scene, it cuts from one line of action, location or narrative, to another, within a single scene. An example of where this is used would be a race scenes or when someone is telling a story, so that the viewer can see everything that is happening in the scene, another example of where this is used would be in the movie Edward Scissorhands where at 0:19 a woman is telling a story and then it cuts to another scene but still has the voice of the woman talking. The reason why they did this is show the viewer what she is talking about. As though she is narrating while the scene of what she is talking about is shown, so the viewer visualize what she is talking about from her memory. I have taken part in the live day show "Listen Up!" which contained crosscutting, so I have experience with it, and have knowledge about it.
Cutting to soundtrack
Cutting to the soundtrack making the scenes cut to the music and make it cut to the beat. Most of the time this is done in music videos, which explains why an example of this would be in Steam Powered Giraffe's cover of "I love it" where hey cut to the beat a lot throughout the video, they do this at 0:11 where they show different scenes and make it cut right to the beat of the song. This makes it more exciting for the viewer to watch. Since having the video cut to the sound track of the song, it makes the music video seem like it is done on a professional level. This also makes the viewer enjoy the video even more. I have some experience with cutting to the soundtrack when I cut to the beat of the song in the music video that I helped make.
